Fluid pump



T. M. MOCK FLUID PUMP Oct. 28, 1952 Filed June 28, 1947 2 SHEETS-SHEET l INVENTOIZ. THOMQS M. MOCK T. M. MOCK Oct. 28, 1952 FLUID PUMP 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Filed June 28, 1947 Patented Oct 28, 1952 Thomas M. Mock, Los Angeles, Calif.

Application June 28, 1947, Serial No. 757,826

This invention relates to pumps, and particularly to deep well pumps, and the invention is particularly applicableto long stroke pumps and pumps which are employed for pumping water or oil with which a considerable amount of sand occurs. It is the usual practice in pumps of this type, to employ a plunger reciprocating in a substantially vertical barrel, and provided with a valve, or valves, including valve closures that come upon their seats from above. When'such a pump is pumping a fluid carrying a considerable amount of sand, some of the sand lodges between the valve closure and its seat, so that the valves become inefiicient and permit a leakage of the fluid past the valve on each up stroke of the pump. This is a serious disadvantage in the use of valves of that type. I

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a pump of this type, in which the plunger, or plungers, are constructed in such a way that the valve closure can be located below the valve seat, at the same time, to construct the seat and the upper end of the valve closure in such a way that sand or grit carried in the fluid, will have little opportunity to lodge between the valve and its seat, thereby insuring a substantially fluid-tight closing of the valve on each upward movement of the plunger.

It is the usual practice in pumps of this type, also to provide a relatively long plunger, but when such a plunger is employed, on account of its length, any sand caught between the side of the plunger and the face of the barrel, has a long 4. Claims. (01. 103-179) distance to travel before it reaches the lower end pump and its upper end in the flow pipe, in such a way that this pulling operation can be readily accomplished; also to construct the upper and lower anchors for the pump in such a way that they will operate to hold the pump rod properly centered in the flow pipe. I Anotherobject of this invention is to provide construction for the plunger, which will have the I advantages of a long plunger without the'disadvantages of a long plunger as regards its tendencies to hold sand between its outersurface and the side 'of the bore of the pump barrel.

Another object of the invention is to provide a long stroke pump having a plunger composed of a plurality of relatively short plungers spaced apart so that in operation, any sand that finds its way between one of the plunger sections and the pump barrel, will soon be liberated when it reaches the lower end of that section, so that it will bereturned to the flowing fluid, and in position to be passed up with the oil or water that is being pumped. I

A further object of the invention is to provide a type of plunger that is of relatively light weight, and so constructed that its interior presents a relatively large chamber through which the oil is pumped.

As referred to above, there is a considerable quantity of sand carried in deep wells. pumping crude oil, and such sand has a very destructive effect on valves and their seats, vtendingto erode them so that they will leak considerably, thereby detracting from the efliciency of the pump. One of the objects of this invention is to construct the valves of the pump in such a way that the surfaces of the valve and its seat that contact each other, are removed from the port in the valve through which the liquid passes. It then becomes immaterial whether the sand-laden liquid scores the surface of the port of the valve, or not.

Further objectsof the invention will appear hereinafter. o

The invention consists in the novel parts and combinations of parts to be described hereinafter, all of which contribute to produce an eificient fluid pump. L I v A preferred embodiment of the invention'is' described in the following specification, while the broad scope of the invention is pointed out in the appended claims. v y

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a view illustrating a flow pipe in-Ilongitudinal section. This View, as will be noted; is in three parts indicated respectively by the reference letters A, B, and C, and in reading this view, it should be understood that the upper end of the part B is to be read as though connected'to the lower end of part A, and likewise the part C of the drawing, is to be read as though its upper end i'sa continuation of the lower end of the part Bof the drawing. In this view, the standing valve and the bottom anchor to the screen tubing, is illustrated partially in section, and while the plungers are shown in side elevation, the upper end of the pump barrel is shown partly in section, together with a, portion of the pump rod, broken away above the same.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section upon an enlarged scale through the flow pipe at the location of the upper head and upper anchor of the pump barrel. This View also shows the uppermost pump plunger in section, together with the valve closure that cooperates with it to effect a substantially tight liquid seal on each up stroke of the pump rod. This view also illustrates a valve which may be employed if desired, as part of thepump apparatus to hold the column of oil or water that has been lifted by the operation of the pump rod. This view illustrates the pump rod near the top of its up stroke, and illustrates the valve closure of the uppermost pump plunger in its closed-position in which it enables the upward movement of the pump plungers to lift the oil in the plungers that cooperates with the lower end of this plunger, in its extreme low position in which'the closure is considerably removed from the support in thelower head of the plunger through which the pumped fluid passes relatively upwardly on the down stroke of the pump.

Fig. 4 is ahorizontal section taken about on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, further illustrating details of the drivers that are located between the pump plungers and above and below the stringer'pump plungers for operating the same. In practicing my invention, I provide a relatively long pump barrel I, which is located coaxially in the flow pipe 2. As illustrated in'Fig. 1, this flow pipe is shown in three parts in the parts A; B, and C, of Fig. 1.

The upper end of the barrel I has an anchorage 3 in the flow pipe, and this anchorage is shown in detail'in Fig. 2, which shows the anchorage as established at a joint 4 between two sections 5 and B of the flow pipe 2, which sectionsa'but each other as shown. In order to center the pumpbarrel I at this anchorage, I provide a seat ring'I, theouter face of whichis connected by .threads 8 to the upper end of the bore of the flow pipe section 6. On its upper side this seat ringpresents a substantially conical seat face 9,

.which forms a seat for .the conically tapered lower end of an annulus I6, which annulus is provided with internal threads II that are received on external threads on the outer side of the upper end of the pump barrel I. The threads I I may be formed in a counterbore in the annulus I0, so that a shoulder I2 is formed on the annulus, that Will seat against the end .face of the barrel I.

The upper end of the barrel I is provided with an upper-head I3 which should have considerable thickness or depth so as to insure that it can support the ,weightof a column of liquid above it, which, in deep wells, is considerable. This head! is provided with a plurality of passages or. ports I4 through which the liquid being pumped, passes upwardly.

If desired, valve means may be incorporated "with this head in order to support the column of liquid above it. If it is desired to do this, I may provide a bushing inthe form of a long sleeve I5 that is received on the pump rod I6, and which is inserted into thehead from below. At its upper end this bushing extends through a valve II, which is held in place by a threaded follower I 8 that holds the valve I! in place above the head I3. The upper face I9 of the head, may be of convex form as indicated, in which case the valve I! is preferably of co-ncavo-convex form with its concave under side fitting to the curvature of the face I9. On the up stroke of the pump rod I6, of course this valve I'I lifts from the head I3 and permits the fluid to flow up through the passage I 4 and past the periphery ofthe valve I'I into the chamber 20 above the head I3 in which the liquid column above the pump is supported.

Referring particularly to Fig. 1, within the pump barrel I provide a plurality of pump r plungers. These plungers are spaced apart longitudinally along the pump barrel, and are indicated specifically by the letters D, E, F, G, H, and K.

While it is not essential to have a great number of these plungers,.the elficiency of the pump increases with the number of theseplungersand also with the length of stroke of the pump. rod I6.

The pump plungers arespreferably alike in construction, so reference is now had to- Fig. 2, which shows the uppermost pump plunger D'insection. Ithas a body 2! in theform of a cylindrical shell, and preferably at, or adjacent, to the lower end of this body 2I, the plunger is provided with a transverse bottom head'22,,=which head is preferably provided with a coaxial port 23 through which the fluid passes in a relative upward direction" on each down stroke of the pump. The upper portion .of this head 22 is of relatively smaller diameter to enable'it to fit into the lower end of the shell M of the plunger, and belowthis point it has a larger diameter which fits neatly into the bore 24 of the barrel. In this 'way a shoulder 25 is formed against which the lower end of the body 2| of the plunger seats. The pump rod I5 passes through this port 23, and associated with each bottom head 22 valve means is provided, which operates on each up stroke of the plunger IE to close off flow through the port 23. In order to accomplish this in a simple manner, I 'prefer toform the under side of the bottom head 22 into a seat for a valve closure 25. I construct this seat and the valve closure in such a way that they will not present opportunity for sand in the fluid or liquid to lodge on them, that is to-say, between the seat and-the upper end of the valve closure. In order to accomplish this, I-prefer to form the under side of the bottom head 22 with an. annular substantially V-shaped groove 27, and I form the upper end of the valve closure 26 with a correspondingly formed V-shaped annular rib, which is adapted to fit into the groove 21 when the valve 26 comes upon its seat. vBy reason of the inclined faces ofthe inverted V-shaped ribs 28, it will be evident that there is little opportunity forsand to lodge between the seaton the under side of the head 22 and the upper end of the valve closure. However, in order to reduce the chance of such lodgement occurring, I prefer to provide the under side of the head 22 witha relieved face 29 as indicated in Fig. 2. In this way, sufficient clearance space 30 is formed for any .sand that should chance to lodge-on the upper face 3! of the valve closure that is surrounded by the V-shaped rib 28. It should be understood, however, that my invention broadly,.as regards this valve, involves the construction enabling the valve closure to come upon its seat by an upward movement. Hence I do not limit myself tothis particular configuration of the -valve seat and the upper end of the valve.

. adjacent upper section is threaded. At; this pointa shoulder 33 isprovided on they upper sec-,

tionof the pump rod that seats against the upper face 3| of the valve closure 25. The lower adjacent section of the pump rod I6 is provided with a threaded end as indicated, to be screwed into the lower end of the threaded socket 32, and is also provided with an unthreaded shank 34 of reduced diameter, so that a shoulder 35 is formed. I prefer to employ this construction so as to facilitate the attachment of a knocker or driver 36, which performs the double function of centering the valve closure 26 within the pump ,barrel, and of impinging against the upperend vof the plunger E, which is the next adjacent plunger below the uppermost plunger D on the down stroke of the pump rod. This function of these drivers 3'5, is illustrated at the upper end of Fig. 3. When this occurs,'it should be understood that the driver 36 does not impingedirectly upon the upper end of the cylindrical shell or body 2! of the plunger E, but impinges upon the header ring 3'1, which fits into the bore of the body 2|, and the upper-end of which is of larger diameter to form a shoulder 38 overlying the upper end of the body M. It should be understood that these drivers 3'5 are disposed in the spaces between the adjacent plungers, and on the up stroke they cause the valves to the valve closures 26 associated with thennto close the ports 23 in the different plungers, after which they move all the plungers upwardly in the relaof Fig. 1, the lower end of the barrel I is closed Y is in operation. In Fig. 4.1 have shown four of these grooves or' recesses on the outer sides of one of these drivers 35, but'it should be understood that anynumber of these may be provided,

but of course they are preferably spaced equally around the periphery of the driver. I

Referringnow to the lower end of the part C by a, standing valve M, the upper portion of it will expand'in the conical bore52 at the lower tively long stroke of the pump rod; All of the plungers D to K, inclusive, are provided at their upper ends with one of these header rings 3?.

Referring to Fig. 2, it willbe observedthat one of the drivers35 is located above the uppermost plunger D, and of course it does not operate on the up stroke to lift any plunger, but merely opcrates on its "down stroke to push down the plunger D if the same should not move-down by .gravity. Of course it might not move down by gravity freely if the plunger were sanded upto any considerable extent. In the operation of this pump, it should be understood that at each stroke, each plunger travels within the barrel a distance which is many times that of its own length. During this movement, the barrel operatesas a long wiper to carry away thesand when there is any, to a point where it is free or" contact'with the lengtl of the plunger. In this way. at each stroke there is an automatic wiping action, the effect of which is to dislodge sand from the contacting surfaces of each plunger andthe pump barrel, and return thesame to the moving fluid being raised by the pump.

The drivers 36 of course must have a construction which will permit them to pass liquid moving relatively upward past them on the down stroke of the pump rod. In Fig. l I illustrate a form that these drivers may have. They are of substantially disc-form so that each presentsa curved periphery tfl lying adjacentto the bore of the pump barrel, andv this periphery is cut away at spaced intervals to form ports or passages that will pass the liquid when the pump which may be of any standard construction such as that illustrated, involving the use of a ball valve 42 mounted in a cage 43 that keeps the ball captive when it is above its seat, and which will enable the pumped fluid to pass the ball and rise into the bottom chamber 44 of the pump barrel- The foot valve ll illustrated, includes a cylindrical body tithe lower end of which is formed into a tapered or conical neck 46 that forms a shoulder to engage the upper conical bore ll of a venturi 43 with a central straight bore 2-9 up whichthe oil can passfrom the pool. The

'venturi is connected into the flow string 2 by a taper threaded union ite. Below the conical shoulder Mi astraight shank or spindle 5b is formed, terminating below in a slightly enlarged head 5! at its lower end. This shankand the head are formed with radial slots 50a, that extend longitudinally down through the shank and to the lower end of the head or ball 5|. The shank 50 is resilient and the slots make it collapsible, so that it can collapse and pass down through the straight bore 49 of the venturi. After the ball passes down beyond the straight bore end of the venturi. This will lock the standing valve in place and anchors the pump barrel at its lower end.

It will be evident that the upper anchorage 3 illustrated at the upper end of Fig. 2, provides for centering the upper end of the pump barrel,

and for preventing any sand from passing down into the annular space between the pump barrel and the blow pipe.

The mode of operation of the pump will now be briefly re-stated. On each down stroke of the pump rod as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 3, the valve closuresZii that correspond to the series of plungers, move down and away from the lower heads 22 of the plungersa considerable distance. 'At the same time as the valve closure 26 of each plunger moves to a distance from the port 23 atthe lower end of each plunger, the driver 3tv above this plunger, impinges upon the header ring 31 at the upper end of this plunger, so that slightly after the commencement of the down stroke of the pump rod all of the plungers, will have their ports 23 open. The continued downward movement of the pump rod carries all the plungers down through the liquid in the pump barrel, so that this liquid moves relatively upward through the shells of all of theplungers from the bottom up. This downward movement continues until .the bottom driver 36 reaches a point near'the The pump rod then lifts all of the and permit the oil or other liquid in the pump to pass up into the column of liquid supported inthe chamber 20 above the upper head l3 of the pump.

Attention is called to the fact that the lower ends of the valve ports 23 do not function as valve seats. Consequently, it is immaterial whether they become more or less eroded by the sand passing into them'from below. And it is also evident that when the bottom heads 22 of the plungers are being forced down through the oil, the direction of flow of the oil from the interior of the barrel of the pump will not be directly toward the groove 21 which constitutes the valve-seat, cooperating with the rib 28. For this reason this type of valve having the features of construction illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, is highly efficient and free from eroding eifects due to sandin oil that is being pumped.

Many otherembodiments of the invention may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a deep well liquid pump, for pumping sand-laden oil or the like, the combination of a pump barrel with means for admitting liquid to its lower end, a plurality of plungers in the barrel spaced from each other along the barrel, each of'said plungers including a tubular shell with means at its lower end to form a port coaxial with the barrel, a pump-rod Within the barrel extending. through said plungers and through said ports; and valve-means at the lower end of each plunger, including a part carried on the pump-rod having a, valve-face, and a part at the under end of each barrel encircling the port to contact with said valve-face and function as a valve seat, to close off flow through the port said valve seats being located so that they are removed from the said ports and out of direct line of flow of the sand-laden liquid that passes up through the ports on the downward movement of the plungers.

2. In a deep well pump for pumping sandladen oil or the like, the combination of a pumpbarrel with means for admitting liquid to its lower end, a plurality of plungers in the barrel spaced from each other along the barrel, said plungers having passages through the same for the liquid located substantially at their longitudinal axes,a pump-rod within the barrel extending through said plungers and lying within said passages; and valve-means at the lower end of each plunger spaced from the passage through the plunger and encircling the same, and a part fixed on the pump-rod and having a valve-face to come against the seat and close off flow of the liquid through the passage, and enabling the pump-rod to lift all of the plungers and the liquid contained within the same on each up stroke.

3. ma deep-well pump for pumping and raising'oil carrying sand in suspension, the combination of a plunger having a rigid shell form body, a transverse bottom head secured in the lower end of the shell, said bottom head having rib.

a port'therein, a reciprocating pump-rod passing down through the plunger and through.v its said port, said plunger being of smaller diameter than said port so as to provide an area around the pump-rod .to pass upwardly flowing oil when the pump-rod and the plunger descend on the down stroke of the pump rod, a valve seat on the under side of said bottom head with an annulargroove extending upwardly into the same, at a distance from said port, and a valve-closure secured on the pump-rod having an annular rib on its upper face adapted to seatin said groove on the upstroke, close oiT flow through said port on the up-stroke of the pump-rod and operating to raise the plunger and the oil carried therein. I

4. In a deep-well pumpfor raising oil carrying sand in suspension, to the earths surface, the combination of a pump. barrel with means for admitting the sand bearing oil to its lower end, a plurality of pump plungers disposed in the p p and spaced from each other longitudinally within the pump barrel, each of said plungers including a rigid tubular shell with a separate transverse bottom head fitting into the lower end thereof, each bottom head having a valve-seat with a coaxial port therein through which the oil and sand carried thereby can pass relatively upwardly when the plungers descend, a reciprocating pump rod of smaller diameter than the ports in said bottom gheads, within the barrel extending coaxially through and past said plungers; and valve closures corresponding respectively to said plungers, attached to the pump rod so that each valve-closurefthat lies below each bottom head seats against the under side thereof on the up-stroke of thepump-rod, each seat face against which its corresponding valveclosure seats being substantially horizontal, all of said parts cooperating so that all the plungers with the oil therein are lifted on the up-stroke of the pump-rod, each of said valve-seats and. its corresponding valve-closure with which it cooperates having a correlated form including an annular groove on the valve-seat located away from said port, and an annular rib on the upper end of the valve that fits into the annular groove when the valve-closure impinges upon the valveseat, each of said ribs having an inclined face operating to prevent sand from lodging on the REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: V

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Re. 16,348 Carpenter May 11, 1926 1,567,827 Zublin Dec. 29, 1925 1,571,876 Leidecker Feb. 2, 1926 1,715,121 Crowell et a1. May 28, .1929 1,759,088 Black May 20, 1930 1,810,121 Black June 16, 1931 2,137,403 Hofferer Nov. 22,1938 2,224,916 McFarlane Dec. 17, 1940 2,296,821 Puls Sept. 22, 1942 2,300,648 Carlberg Nov. 3, 1942 

